Common Types of Head and Neck Cancers: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
- Dr.Gopal Sharma
- Jul 4
- 3 min read
Head and neck cancers refer to a group of cancers that develop in or around the throat, larynx (voice box), nose, sinuses, and mouth. These cancers are often linked to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly improve the outcome.
If you or someone you know is experiencing persistent symptoms like a sore throat, hoarseness, or a neck lump, it’s time to consult the Best Head and Neck Oncologist in Delhi NCR for a proper evaluation.
What Are Head and Neck Cancers?
These cancers usually begin in the squamous cells that line the moist surfaces inside the head and neck region, such as the mouth, nose, and throat. Collectively, they are known as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
Common Types of Head and Neck Cancers
1. Oral Cavity Cancer
Affects the lips, tongue, gums, and the inner lining of the cheeks. Symptoms: Mouth sores that don’t heal, difficulty chewing, bleeding, or lumps. Risk Factors: Tobacco, alcohol, poor oral hygiene.
2. Throat (Pharyngeal) Cancer
Includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx cancers. Symptoms: Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and neck swelling. Risk Factors: Smoking, alcohol, and HPV infection.
3. Laryngeal Cancer
Occurs in the voice box (larynx). Symptoms: Hoarseness, chronic cough, and ear pain. Risk Factors: Heavy smoking and alcohol use.
4. Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer
Rare cancers found in the nasal cavity and surrounding sinuses. Symptoms: Sinus pressure, nosebleeds, and facial pain. Risk Factors: Exposure to wood dust, industrial chemicals.
5. Salivary Gland Cancer
Affects the glands that produce saliva. Symptoms: Facial numbness, lumps near the jaw or mouth. Risk Factors: Radiation exposure and certain workplace chemicals.
Causes & Risk Factors
Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Leading causes for most head and neck cancers.
HPV Infection: A major cause of oropharyngeal cancers.
Poor Oral Hygiene: Increases oral cancer risk.
Radiation Exposure: Linked with salivary gland cancers.
Genetic Factors: Family history may increase risk.
Treatment Options for Head and Neck Cancer
Treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer and may include:
Surgery – to remove tumors
Radiation therapy – often combined with surgery or chemo
Chemotherapy – to kill cancer cells
Targeted therapy – drugs that attack specific cancer cell mechanisms
Immunotherapy – helps the immune system fight cancer
For advanced cases, a multidisciplinary approach with ENT surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists is essential. Always seek guidance from the Best Head and Neck Oncologist in Delhi for an expert opinion and customized care.
Why Choose a Head and Neck Oncology Specialist in Delhi NCR?
Delhi NCR is home to some of India’s most advanced cancer hospitals and specialists. Choosing the Best Head and Neck Oncologist in Delhi NCR ensures:
Accurate diagnosis using advanced tools (MRI, PET-CT)
Precision treatment with cutting-edge technology
Supportive rehabilitation for speech, swallowing, and quality of life
Conclusion
Head and neck cancers can be aggressive, but early detection and expert care can make a world of difference. Don’t ignore persistent symptoms. Consult a trusted Head and Neck Oncology expert to begin the right treatment at the right time.
FAQs About Head and Neck Cancers
Q1. What are the early symptoms of head and neck cancer?
A: Early symptoms may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, mouth sores that don’t heal, ear pain, or a lump in the neck. If these symptoms last more than two weeks, consult a Head and Neck Oncologist in Delhi NCR immediately.
Q2. What causes head and neck cancers?
A: Common causes include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, HPV infection, poor oral hygiene, and prolonged exposure to industrial chemicals. Genetics can also play a role.
Q3. Are head and neck cancers treatable?
A: Yes, especially when detected early. Treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. A combination of these may be used depending on the stage and type of cancer.
Q4. Who is the Best Head and Neck Oncologist in Delhi NCR?
A: Delhi NCR has many experienced oncologists specializing in head and neck cancers. Look for a board-certified doctor affiliated with a reputed cancer center and experienced in multidisciplinary treatment approaches.
Q5. Can non-smokers get head and neck cancer?
A: Yes. While smoking is a major risk factor, non-smokers can develop these cancers due to HPV infection, poor dental hygiene, environmental exposures, or genetic factors.
Q6. Is surgery the only option for treating head and neck cancers?
A: Not always. Depending on the cancer’s location and stage, doctors may use radiation, chemotherapy, or newer therapies like immunotherapy. Surgery may be recommended in combination with other treatments.
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